Torino

Founded as a Roman military settlement, the city later became the political heart of the House of Savoy and the first capital of unified Italy. Its urban fabric was largely shaped between the 17th and 19th centuries, marked by rational planning, baroque architecture and monumental public spaces. Turin developed a clear vocation as a political, industrial and cultural capital, with many of its key institutions emerging during this period.

 

A city deeply marked by the 20th century, it experienced rapid industrialisation, mass migration and the social conflicts associated with its role as Italy’s automotive hub. The decline of heavy industry in the late 20th century triggered a profound urban and cultural transformation. Today, contemporary architecture, adaptive reuse of industrial heritage and a strong cultural production coexist with a sober, ordered historic centre and extensive post-industrial districts.